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In October, the well-known to spaceflight Cape Canaveral, Florida Institute of Oceanography, the ship departed Woods Hole in Massachusetts, which seeks to examine, located at a depth of 7 km, an underwater mountain range near the Cayman Islands. These are to be used underwater, unmanned probe - Nereus, who in a previous expedition reached the bottom of the pit Marian (10 902meters). Caribbean have been selected for this reason that The local is part of a massive underwater, amounting to 60 thousand kilometers, the mountain system, which is under water the whole earth round the cheese. Moreover, as some scientists, this is particularly unusual terrain on which you can find the oldest traces of life on earth, thus confirming the possibility of development of living organisms in other regions of the universe. When the liquid inside the shell of land mined from underwater ridge, caused the movement of the seabed and ultimately continental drift. As a result, created underwater geysers also called chimneys that energy-rich compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. The chimneys of these you can find a lot of unique organisms, which apparently are not dependent on solar energy. Following the discovery in the 70s hydrothermal vents, some biologists believed that the bacteria acquire the energy from chemical compounds, creating a kind of ecosystem similar to those that may have existed before the advent of photosynthesis.

However, in this case could not occur to a chemical reaction (involving, for example, hydrogen sulfide), because most of them need oxygen - a product of photosynthesis. Exceptions are the reactions that use hydrogen as a source of chemical energy. During photosynthesis, light breaks down water into hydrogen and oxygen. Then, hydrogen is associated with carbon dioxide to create energy-rich carbohydrates. Thus, if hydrogen is available, this source of energy such as light or oxidation may not be needed to maintain the ecosystem. Chimneys, located on most underwater ridge, rarely produce hydrogen. However, there are reasons to believe that this element is abundant at the vents created a type of rock, which consists of basalt but also with  containing magnesium and iron. That is, they belonged in the reaction with sea water, releasing hydrogen. Some geologists believe that in the early stages of geological development of the land contained a lot of researchers from the Woods Hole Institute believe that it is in the Cayman Islands are located near hydrothermal vents, so you can know the conditions prevailing in the distant past. That's why Woods Hole Institute, NASA and several other institutions, decided to organize a scientific research cruise. The ship's crew, examining the chemical composition and physical properties of the water will find a suitable chimney hydro thermals. Then the probe will be released deep, which, using their own measurement equipment, approaches the end, will perform a few preliminary photos and return to the surface. In the next phase of the connected fiber optic probe, allowing the crew execute commands and data is sent back down. It has six days to collect samples (about25 kg / day) of fluids, minerals, rocks, water and organisms. After the tests will be carried out additional tests to determine whether the probe stand work much more difficult conditions - under the ice in the Arctic. Scientists discover anything, it will be interesting, because the bottom of the oceans is the least part of the earth's surface as known. Even if the bacteria are found feeding on hydrogen, is still a hope that future exploration of celestial bodies (such as Jupiter's moon - Europe), which presumably are hydrothermal vents, will answer to the question of the existence of life where the sun do not shine .